Chapter 1 -- What Is Sonochemistry?; 1.1 Sonochemistry; 1.2 History of Sonochemistry Chapter 2 -- Ultrasound Field and Bubbles; 2.1 Fundamentals of a Sound Wave; 2.2 Sound Propagation in a Bubbly Liquid Chapter 3 -- Dynamics of Acoustic Bubbles; 3.1 What is Acoustic Cavitation?; 3.2 Bubble Dynamics; 3.3 Growth or Dissolution of a Bubble; 3.4 Interaction with the Surroundings Chapter 5 -- Experimental Methods in Sonochemistry; 5.1 Ultrasonic Generators and Sonochemical Reactors; 5.2 Sound Field and Ultrasonic Power Measurements; 5.3 Chemical Determination Method; 5.4 Caution With Regard to Reproducibility of Experiments Chapter 6 -- Sonochemical Engineering Processes; 6.1 What Is a Sonochemical Engineering Process?; 6.2 Solid-Liquid Processes; 6.3 Liquid-Liquid Process: Emulsification. 6.4 Gas-Liquid Process: Atomization6.5 Reaction Processes: Polymerization and others; 6.6 Development of Sonochemical Reactors: Scale-up and Optimization Chapter 7 -- Application of Ultrasound to Organic Synthesis; 7.1 Application of Ultrasound to Organic Synthesis; 7.2 Sonochemistry in Homogeneous Systems; 7.3 Solid-Liquid Phase Reactions; 7.4 Liquid-Liquid Heterogeneous Reactions; 7.5 Solid-Solid Heterogeneous Reactions; 7.6 Synergic Effects with Multiple Forms of Applied Energy Chapter 8 -- Application of Ultrasound in Inorganic Synthesis. 8.1 Sonochemical Synthesis of Inorganic Materials8.2 "Chemical" Synthesis by Acoustic Bubbles; 8.3 Physicochemical Synthesis by Acoustic Bubbles; 8.4 Film Processing; 8.5 Other Sonoprocesses of Inorganic Materials Chapter 9 -- Application of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biotechnology; 9.1 Implications of Bioeffects of Ultrasound and Applications in Biotechnology; 9.2 Application of Ultrasound in Medical Diagnosis; 9.3 Therapeutic Applications of Ultrasound; 9.4 Industrial Applications; Acknowledgments Chapter 10 -- Application of Ultrasound in Environmental Technologies. 10.1 Degradation of Hazardous Organic Chemicals10.2 Synergy Between Ultrasound Treatment and other Environmental Protection Techniques; 10.3 Improving the Environment and Energy Production Chapter 11 -- Ultrasound in Heterogeneous Systems and Applications in Food Processing; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Formation of Emulsions; 11.3 Dispersions; 11.4 Ultrasonic Cleaning; 11.5 Surface Modifications; 11.6 Ultrasound in Food Modifications/Processing
Sonochemistry and the Acoustic Bubble provides an introduction to the way ultrasound acts on bubbles in a liquid to cause bubbles to collapse violently, leading to localized 'hot spots' in the liquid with temperatures of 5000° celcius and under pressures of several hundred atmospheres. These extreme conditions produce events such as the emission of light, sonoluminescence, with a lifetime of less than a nanosecond, and free radicals that can initiate a host of varied chemical reactions (sonochemistry) in the liquid, all at room temperature. The physics and chemistry behind the phenomen.