The centrality of medium-of-instruction policy in sociopolitical processes / Amy B.M. Tsui and James W. Tollefson --
Māori-medium education in Aotearoa/New Zealand / Stephen May --
Bilingual education and language revitalization in Wales : past achievements and current issues / Dylan V. Jones and Marilyn Martin-Jones --
Dangerous difference : a critical-historical analysis of language education policies in the United States / Teresa L. McCarty --
Medium of instruction policy in Hong Kong : one country, two systems, whose language? / Amy B.M. Tsui --
Medium-of-instruction policy in Singapore / Anne Pakir --
Medium-of-instruction policy in higher education in Malaysia : nationalism versus internationalization / Saran Kaur Gill --
Rural students and the Philippine bilingual education program on the island of Leyte / Iluminado Nical, Jerzy J. Smolicz, and Margaret J. Secombe --
Medium of power : the question of English in education in India / E. Annamalai --
Medium of instruction in post-colonial Africa / Hassana Alidou --
Language policy in post-apartheid South Africa / Vic Webb --
Indigenous language education in Bolivia and Ecuador : contexts, changes, and challenges / Kendall A. King and Carol Benson --
Medium of instruction in Slovenia : European integration and ethnolinguistic nationalism / James W. Tollefson --
Contexts of medium-of-instruction policy / James W. Tollefson and Amy B.M. Tsui.

Medium of instruction policies in education have considerable impact not only on the school performance of students and the daily work of teachers, but also on various forms of social and economic (in)equality. In many multiethnic and multilingual countries, the choice of a language for the medium of instruction in state educational systems raises a fundamental and complex educational question: what combination of instruction in students' native language(s) and in a second language of wider communication will ensure that students gain both effective subject-content education, as